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Materi Tenses TOEFL ITP Structure and Written Expression

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Zsmart.id - Tenses adalah sistem tata bahasa dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa atau keadaan. Tenses membantu kita untuk menjelaskan kapan suatu aksi atau kejadian dilakukan, apakah itu di masa sekarang, masa lalu, atau masa depan. Ada tiga waktu utama dalam bahasa Inggris yaitu present (sekarang), past (masa lalu), dan future (masa depan). Masing-masing waktu tersebut terbagi lagi menjadi beberapa bentuk tense yang lebih spesifik untuk menggambarkan keadaan atau aksi yang lebih terperinci.

1. Present Simple Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan, fakta, atau situasi yang selalu benar.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + Verb 1 (s/es) + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1 + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I study every day.
    • Negatif: I do not study every day.
    • Tanya: Do you study every day?

2. Present Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada saat berbicara atau kejadian yang sedang terjadi sekarang.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I am reading a book right now.
    • Negatif: I am not reading a book right now.
    • Tanya: Are you reading a book right now?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah terjadi di masa lalu namun memiliki hubungan dengan masa sekarang.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + has/have + Verb 3 (past participle) + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + has/have + not + Verb 3 + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Has/Have + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I have finished my homework.
    • Negatif: I have not finished my homework.
    • Tanya: Have you finished your homework?

4. Past Simple Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai di masa lalu.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + Verb 2 (past) + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + did + not + Verb 1 + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I watched a movie last night.
    • Negatif: I did not watch a movie last night.
    • Tanya: Did you watch a movie last night?

5. Past Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I was reading when you called me.
    • Negatif: I was not reading when you called me.
    • Tanya: Were you reading when I called you?

6. Past Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + had + Verb 3 (past participle) + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Had + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I had finished my work before the meeting started.
    • Negatif: I had not finished my work before the meeting started.
    • Tanya: Had you finished your work before the meeting started?

7. Future Simple Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa depan.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + will + Verb 1 (base form) + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + will + not + Verb 1 + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Will + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I will go to the store tomorrow.
    • Negatif: I will not go to the store tomorrow.
    • Tanya: Will you go to the store tomorrow?

8. Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + will be + Verb-ing + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + will not be + Verb-ing + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Will + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I will be working at 9 AM tomorrow.
    • Negatif: I will not be working at 9 AM tomorrow.
    • Tanya: Will you be working at 9 AM tomorrow?

9. Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan sudah selesai pada suatu waktu tertentu di masa depan.

  • Formula Positif: Subject + will have + Verb 3 (past participle) + Object
  • Formula Negatif: Subject + will not have + Verb 3 + Object
  • Formula Tanya: Will + Subject + have + Verb 3 + Object?
  • Contoh Kalimat:
    • Positif: I will have completed the project by next week.
    • Negatif: I will not have completed the project by next week.
    • Tanya: Will you have completed the project by next week?

Ringkasan Tenses dengan Formula

  1. Present Simple:

    Positif: Subject + Verb 1 (s/es)
    Negatif: Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1
    Tanya: Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1?

  2. Present Continuous:

    Positif: Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing
    Negatif: Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing
    Tanya: Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing?

  3. Present Perfect:

    Positif: Subject + has/have + Verb 3
    Negatif: Subject + has/have + not + Verb 3
    Tanya: Has/Have + Subject + Verb 3?

  4. Past Simple:

    Positif: Subject + Verb 2
    Negatif: Subject + did + not + Verb 1
    Tanya: Did + Subject + Verb 1?

  5. Past Continuous:

    Positif: Subject + was/were + Verb-ing
    Negatif: Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing
    Tanya: Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing?

  6. Past Perfect:

    Positif: Subject + had + Verb 3
    Negatif: Subject + had + not + Verb 3
    Tanya: Had + Subject + Verb 3?

  7. Future Simple:

    Positif: Subject + will + Verb 1
    Negatif: Subject + will + not + Verb 1
    Tanya: Will + Subject + Verb 1?

  8. Future Continuous:

    Positif: Subject + will be + Verb-ing
    Negatif: Subject + will not be + Verb-ing
    Tanya: Will + Subject + be + Verb-ing?

  9. Future Perfect:

    Positif: Subject + will have + Verb 3
    Negatif: Subject + will not have + Verb 3
    Tanya: Will + Subject + have + Verb 3?

Demikian materi singkat mengenai tenses yang dapat kamu pelajari dalam menghadapi tes TOEFL ITP bagian structure and written expression. Semoga bermanfaat!

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